Back in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ink produced in Yizhou was the most famous around the China. The ink is made from lampblack (soot) and binders, and comes in ink sticks which must be rubbed with water on an ink stone until the right consistency is achieved. According to historical records, the earliest ink was invented in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The head made of a mixture of soft and hard hairs is called a hybrid brush. The head of the brush made from the hair of goat is soft, referred to as soft brush while the head made from such animals hairs as rabbit and weasel is hard, referred to as hard brush. The head of the brush can be made from the hair (or feathers) of a wide variety of animals, including the weasel, rabbit, deer, chicken, duck, goat, pig, tiger, wolf, etc. The body of the brush can be made from either bamboo, or rarer materials such as red sandalwood, glass, ivory, silver, and gold. The brush is the traditional writing implement in Chinese calligraphy. The ink brush, ink, paper, and inkstone are essential implements of Chinese calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy, as a unique performing art, is often regarded as sheer life experienced through energy in motion that is registered as traces on silk or paper, with time and rhythm in shifting space its main ingredients. In other words, when practicing calligraphy, one should pay attention to the features and implications of the characters as well as their strokes and components so as to make them an art piece. In a broad sense, calligraphy refers to a set of rules for writing characters.
Calligraphy, as an artistic form involving the writing style of characters, includes Chinese, Mongolian and Arabian handwriting, among which Chinese calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practiced and revered in the Chinese cultural sphere.
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